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| Find information on T&F networking, services and connections in Europe.
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| Studies of different technologies and cross-border connections.
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| WP6 has run an 8 month Net Dev Incubator project known as the time/frequency incubator, this involved extensive outreach to European NMIs and weekly calls to develop a way forward. This incubator completed in January 2024 and the results of the team’s investigations are summarized in this document. (pdf) |
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| Proceedings of the 54th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting, January 23 - 26, 2023, Long Beach, California As optical time & frequency transfer as a service has gained interest among European providers of National Research & Education Networks (NRENs) the GÉANT network development group (Work Package 6) has put an emphasis on investigating the different options and solutions for optical T&F transfer in Europe. With more than 40 countries participating in GÉANT it is no surprise that the T&F landscape currently ranges from the deployment of ELSTAB, White Rabbit, uni- and bi-directional optical carrier, RF-over-fiber to frequency comb transfer. With such a diverse landscape of European T&F technologies and services, it is challenging to integrate these approaches into a common backbone. (pdf) |
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| GÉANT Whitepaper December 31, 2022 This white paper describes the assessment of the quality of optical frequency signal transfer in an unmodified (unidirectional) DWDM network with a range of more than 2000 km. It also covers a description of the necessary modifications to the Optical Carrier signal transfer system required to realise this type of transmission using a pair of optical fibres. (pdf) |
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| GÉANT Whitepaper October 31, 2022 Thiswhite paperdescribeshowvariousEuropeanNational Research and Education Networksmanage and monitor productiontime and frequency(T&F)services implementedover optical fibres.It covers T&F transfer techniques, management areas, consistent monitoring of T&F equipment, and optical considerations for the successful operation of T&F services. (pdf) |
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| GÉANT Whitepaper September 7, 2021 Frequency dissemination in phase-stabilised optical fibre networks for metrological frequency comparisons and precision measurements are promising candidates to overcome the limitations imposed by satellite techniques. However, in an architecture shared with telecommunication data traffic, network constraints may restrict the availability of dedicated channels in the commonly used C-band. Here, SWITCH and its partners demonstrate the dissemination of an SI-traceable ultrastable optical frequency in the L-band over a 456 km fibre network with ring topology, in which data traffic occupies the full C-band. (pdf) |
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| GÉANT Whitepaper August 10, 2021 This document presents the distribution of time and frequency services and existing projects in several European national research and education networks, which are members of the GÉANT 4-3 project. (pdf) |
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Krzysztof Turza, Wojbor Bogacki, Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, Poznan, Poland, IEEE IFCS - EFTF 2023, Toyama, Japan, 15-19 May 2023 
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 GÉANT Infoshare March 9, 2021
"Time & Frequency (T&F) transport as an optical service has become a hot topic for the past ten years, mainly boosted by a dramatic improvement in performance. National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) in collaboration with NRENs have demonstrated three orders of magnitude higher stability of time and frequency services than any existing commercial service over distances of at least 1,500 km, offering tremendous potential for new services in a wide range of scientific, societal and economic domains. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for such T&F services is in some cases now approaching 8 (complete and qualified) or 9 (proven in operational environment), while the growth of metrological links all around the world has motivated more and more optical equipment vendors to integrate T&F features into their product portfolios. However, there is no one-fits-all solution for how to deploy T&F services. Rather, there are multiple T&F setups (unidirectional, bidirectional, quasi-bidirectional), parts of the spectrum (S-, C-, L-Band or in between), each dictated by the distinctive needs and requirements of the networks and the end-user applications. Read more... |
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